Silvanet Mesh Network

Silvanet devices are connected in a mesh network using LoRaWAN where each device implements LoRa, a low power wireless platform for IoT.

Silvanet Wildfire Sensors and Mesh Gateways form the Silvanet Mesh Network to forward messages from remote Wildfire Sensors to Border Gateways. This network is designed to work in areas where mobile coverage is weak or non-existent, which allows for large off-grid deployments.

Silvanet devices use the long-range, low power LoRa modulation to communication between devices using LoRaWAN.

LoRaWAN uses frequencies based on country-specific regulations.

LoRa in the ISO model

LoRaWAN and Silvanet devices

The Silvanet Mesh Network uses LoRaWAN, which allows large-scale deployment of Wildfire Sensors in the challenging environment of forests where leaves, trees, hills and topology often inhibit radio waves. In these types of environments, the range of traditional LoRaWAN gateways is very limited.

Border Gateways are responsible for transmitting messages to all devices in the Silvanet Mesh Network for firmware updates using FUOTA.

The Silvanet Mesh Network connects to Silvanet Border Gateways using LoRaWAN. This allows the Gateway to communicate with the proprietary Silvanet Mesh Gateways or directly to Wildfire Sensors if they are within range.

LoRa frequency bands

Silvanet devices - Border Gateways, Mesh Gateways and Wildfire Sensors - are IoT devices based on LoRa. The frequency bands used by these devices depend on the region in which they is deployed:

• Europe: 868 MHz

• North America: 915 MHz

• Asia: 923 MHz

These frequencies are set in the Silvanet devices by Dryad.

Sensor frequency channels - Europe

Operating channels (bandwidth)	Frequency channels (MHz)
125 kHz	23 channels: 865.1, 865.3, 865.5, 865.7, 865.9, 866.1, 866.3, 866.5, 866.7, 866.9, 867.1, 867.3, 867.5, 867.7, 867.9, 868.1, 868.3, 868.5, 868.7, 868.9, 869.1, 869.3, 869.5
250 kHz	10 channels: 865.1, 865.4, 865.7, 866, 866.3, 866.6, 866.9, 867.2, 867.5, 867.8

Sensor frequency channels - North America

Operating channels (bandwidth)	Frequency channels (MHz)
125 kHz	64 channels: 902.3 MHz and incrementing linearly by 200 kHz to 914.9 MHz
250 kHz	8 channels: 903.0 MHz and incrementing linearly by 1.6 MHz to 914.2 MHz

Max radio frequency power - EU and North America

Maximum radio frequency power transmitted (Tx) in frequency bands in which the sensor operates (EU and North America):

• EU Max Tx power: 25 mW EIRP

• US Max Tx power: 25 mW EIRP

LoRa Frequency bands (MHz) - select countries

Region	Country	FB 1	FB 2	FB 3	FB 4	Freq. Antenna
Europe	Germany	433.05-434.79	863-870			868
	Greece	433.05-434.79	863-870			868
	Spain	433.05-434.79	863-870			868
	Portugal	433.05-434.79	863-870			868
	Romania	433.05-434.79	863-870			868
	Italy	433.05-434.79	863-870			868
	Turkey	433.05-434.79	863-870			868
North and South America	USA			902-928		915
	Canada			902-928		915
	Brazil			902-907.5	915-928	915
	Argentina			902-928	915-928	915
Australia	Australia	433-435			915-928	915
Asia	Indonesia				923-925	915
	Thailand	433.05-434.79			920-925	915
	South Korea				917-923.5	915
	India		865-867			868
Africa	Egypt	433.05-434.79	863-870 / 865-868			868
Middle East	UAE	433.05-434.79	863-870 / 870-875.8		915-921	868
	Saudi Arabia	433.05-434.7	863-870			868
	Lebanon	433.05-434.79	863-870			868
	Jordan	433.05-434.79	865-868			868

For a full list, see The Things Network Frequency Plans by Country.